We
are solving series of problems in Mechanical properties of Fluids.Viscosity is
the property of the fluid due to which its relative motion is opposed. When a
fluid is moving, it moves like different set of layers, each layer moving in
the forward direction opposed the lower layers motion in the forward direction
and thus viscous force is generated. It is directly proportional to the area of
cross section of the fluid, velocity of the fluid flow and it is inversely
proportional to the width of the layer. We can find coefficient of viscosity in
this way. When a spherical body is moving in a fluid due to opposing viscous
force and upward upthrust and weight in downward direction, some where the
resultant force becomes zero and the body acquires a constant velocity called
terminal velocity.
Problem
A
plate of area 100 square centimeter is placed on the upper surface of castor
oil having only 2 mm thickness. Coefficient of thickness is given to us and we
need to measure the horizontal force required to move the plate with a certain
velocity and the problem is as shown in the diagram below.
Solution
We
can solve the problem using the very definition of coefficient of viscosity as
shown in the diagram below. We know that the viscous force is directly proportional
to the area of cross section,velocity of fluid flow and inversely proportional
to the distance between the layers. Solution is as shown in the diagram below.
Problem
A
vessel has a height of 40 meter. It has three horizontal tubes each of same
diameter and length at different heights from the base as shown in the problem
below. We need to find out the length of the single pipe of the same diameter
that has to be replaced instead of three pipes so that fluid flow is same.
Solution
The
sum of rate of flow through each pipe has to be the fluid flow in the single
pipe. We can use Poisellie’s equation and find the length of the new pipe as
shown in the diagram below.
Problem
A
cylindrical tank has a hole of known area at the bottom. If the water is
allowed to flow into the tank from a tube above it with a known rate, we need
to find the maximum height of the fluid in the cylinder. Problem is as shown in
the diagram below.
Solution
At
the maximum possible height of the liquid in the cylinder, the rate of fluid in
is equal to the rate of the fluid out. Rate of fluid out can be written in
terms of equation of continuity and we also know that the velocity of the fluid
coming out of the hole is similar to velocity of the freely falling body.
Taking this into consideration, we can solve the problem as shown in the
diagram below.
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